Viral hepatitis is a vast group of human diseases caused by viruses, causing damage to liver, which leads to a disruption of its function. There are different routes of viral hepatitis transmission, but the main ones are enteral and parenteral. Hepatitis with a predominantly enteral transmission route includes hepatitis A and E. Methods of diagnosis and treatment of this pathology are presented in the article.

On November 22-24, 2017, the XII National Congress of Physicians, the main annual event of the Russian Scientific Medical Society of Physicians, was held at the Crocus Expo Exhibition Center. The program of the Congress, in addition to the plenary session, included scientific symposia, lectures, workshops, clinical discussions, sectional sessions, panel discussions Pro et contra, "Outpatient reception hours" annual forum, contest of young physicians.

Patients with infectious diseases are not unusual in the practice of a general practitioner. Early diagnosis, timely handling and adequate therapy are keys to the successful treatment of this group of patients. The healthcare delivery to patients with infectious pathology is regulated by a number of normative documents: healthcare delivery procedures, standards of healthcare, clinical guidelines of professional bodies. Familiarity with these normative documents and their observance by a general practitioner allows to achieve high quality of healthcare for this group of patients.

The problem of displacement of neck vessels is acute enough for doctors of various specialties. Absence of symptoms of aberrant arteries in most cases leads to a more thorough examination of the patient. The internal carotid artery is more exposed to risk of trauma. Not only surgical operations, but also various anesthesia, endoscopic and otolaryngological procedures can be potentially dangerous. This article describes the etiology of aberrations, population prevalence, screening detection methods and risk factors, clinical case.

Varicella, like herpes zoster, is caused by a single Varicella Zoster virus, which belongs to the family of herpesviruses. After recovery from varicella, the Varicella Zoster virus can stay for a long time in a latent state in the trigeminal ganglia and sensory ganglions of the spinal nerves. Reactivation of the virus occurs in immunodeficiency states on the background of malignant neoplasms, HIV infection, stress effects, immunosuppressive therapy. Internal organs can be involved in the pathological process. Unlike chickenpox, the main pathogenetic mechanism for herpes zoster is neurotropism. The incidence of herpes zoster is observed in persons who have suffered varicella.

The paper presents the results of a study on the specifics of the nursing medical staff training involved in primary health care delivery to the population, including the regional features of the nurse education development in Orenburg region (Orenburzhye). A comparative analysis of training programs for medical personnel since 1965 to the present time is given.

There are many difficulties of diagnosing certain nosological forms in the clinical practice of a general practitioner, even despite the various diagnostic tests. Often, this is due to the fact that the methods used, especially medical ultrasound, as well as the results of many biochemical studies, allow to suspect pathology or to reveal its indirect signs in most cases. Methods of exact diagnosis, such as laparoscopy, biopsy, target biopsy, computed tomography and colonoscopy, are rarely used. The following clinical case is one of the confirmations of the above mentioned information [2,3].

Leishmaniasis is caused by a protozoa parasite from over 20 Leishmania species and is transmitted to humans by the bite of infected female phlebotomine sandflies. Over 90 sandfly species are known to transmit Leishmania parasites. There are 3 main forms of the disease: visceral (also known as kala-azar and the most serious form of the disease), cutaneous (the most common), and mucocutaneous. Leishmaniasis is caused by the protozoan Leishmania parasites which are transmitted by the bite of infected phlebotomine sandflies.The disease affects some of the poorest people on earth, and is associated with malnutrition, population displacement, poor housing, a weak immune system and lack of resources. Leishmaniasis is linked to environmental changes such as deforestation, building of dams, irrigation schemes, and urbanization. An estimated 700 000–1 million new cases and 20 000 to 30 000 deaths occur annually. Only a small fraction of those infected by Leishmania parasites will eventually develop the disease.

As part of the global campaign to celebrate World AIDS Day 2017, which this time is entitled "The Right to Health", WHO recalls the need for full coverage of each of the 36.7 million people, living with HIV, with health services. Under the slogan "Everyone is important," WHO will promote access of all those who need it to safe, effective, high-quality and affordable health services, including medicines and diagnostics and other health products and services, while protecting such people from financial risks.

Probably, many travelers, especially visiting countries in other climatic zones, have experienced the "delights" of this disease — traveler's diarrhea. According to statistics, this syndrome occurs in 20-50% of cases and can ruin the impression of a trip. The main symptoms of this disease are frequent stool, abdominal cramps, rumbling and flatulence. The reasons of traveler's diarrhea can be very diverse: it's irritation of the intestines with food, containing large amount of fibre, and change of the usual chemical composition of water, and familiarity with the previously unknown strains of colon bacillus. In any case, this disease can become quite an unpleasant surprise for a person who has gone for rest or on a business trip. And to avoid it, you must comply with a number of rules.

Day of children with cancer (International Childhood Cancer Day) is celebrated on February, 15 every year in many countries of the planet. This date first appeared on the calendar in 2001 at the initiative of The International Confederation of Childhood Cancer Parent Organizations (ICCCPO). The first International Day took place on 15th January in Luxembourg, but later it was decided to put off the date for a month. Today the International Childhood Cancer Day is held in more than 40 countries under the patronage of the International Society of Paediatric Oncology.