Atopic dermatitis is an important medical and social problem and more often affects children and adolescents, leading to a significant deterioration in quality of life. As of 2021, the number of pediatric atopic dermatitis cases worldwide reached 72.4 million, an increase of 6.2% since 2000. Not all cases of atopic dermatitis are effectively treated and may be refractory to first-line therapy, which requires searching for other principles of therapy. According to the clinical recommendations of the Russian Federation, a monoclonal antibody dupilumab can be prescribed to the patient with moderate and severe course of the disease. Meanwhile, foreign scientific articles have studied the efficacy and safety of other monoclonal antibodies, particularly omalizumab, in patients with atopic dermatitis. Omalizumab is a recombinant humanized monoclonal antibody that selectively binds to free IgE and inhibits the interaction of IgE with the FcεRI receptor on mast cells and basophils. The efficacy of omalizumab has been well studied in patients with chronic idiopathic urticaria and bronchial asthma. At the same time, data on the efficacy of omalizumab in atopic dermatitis both in foreign and domestic literature are poorly described. In the given scientific review, the data of studies devoted to the use of omalizumab in the therapy of atopic dermatitis in children and adolescents were reflected. The number of studies on the use of omalizumab in pediatric patients with AD, as well as the number of patients in the study cohort, is limited. The issue of the safety of using omalizumab for atopic dermatitis in pediatric practice is also poorly understood, and the adverse reaction profile remains incomplete. We analyzed 4 studies and 2 clinical cases devoted to the efficacy and safety of omalizumab in children with atopic dermatitis.

This review presents updated information on the side effects of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT-2 inhibitors), the most modern group of hypoglycemic agents. In addition to their hypoglycemic action, SGLT-2 inhibitors exhibit secondary pharmacodynamics (side effects), providing cardioprotective, antiarrhythmic, anti-apoptotic, anti-inflammatory, nephroprotective, and neuroprotective effects, while reducing total body fat and visceral fat. The use of these side effects is desirable and promising for the treatment of patients with diabetes, especially in the presence of comorbidities. However, the use of SGLT-2 inhibitors may lead to undesirable reactions, the most common of which are dehydration (hypovolemia), glycosuria, and fungal infections of the genitalia and urinary tract. The most frequent serious outcomes of adverse reactions include euglycemic diabetic ketoacidosis, lower limb amputation, and acute kidney injury. Recommendations for the prevention of adverse reactions are presented.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a widespread disease directly linked to lifestyle and excess weight, leading to a decline in quality of life. The number of people with type 2 diabetes worldwide has reached 463 million and continues to grow each year. For the treatment of type 2 diabetes and obesity, a new drug, tirzepatide, was approved in the Russian Federation in 2025. Tirzepatide is a glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist. The aim of this study was to analyze the safety profile of tirzepatide based on clinical trial data. Special attention was given to the SURPASS, SURMOUNT, and SYNERGY-NASH trials, which assessed adverse reactions associated with tirzepatide use. The results showed that the most common adverse reactions were gastrointestinal disorders: nausea, diarrhea, and vomiting, primarily during the dose-escalation period. Dyspepsia, constipation, colorectal polyps, and gallbladder-related complications were reported less frequently. Notably, tirzepatide demonstrated a positive impact on the cardiovascular system, including a reduced risk of atherosclerotic diseases. Improvements in glomerular filtration rate and reduced albuminuria were observed in the urinary system. Tirzepatide has a favorable safety profile but requires further investigation. The drug is a promising treatment for type 2 diabetes, though its use should be accompanied by monitoring for potential adverse reactions.

Bronchial asthma (BA) is one of the important medical and social problems of modern society, the prevalence of which is increasing. According to the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, the prevalence of BA worldwide was 262 million people as of 2019, with the number of BA-related deaths accounting for 461,000. The prevalence of BA in pregnant women is 4-8%, with 40% of women experiencing worsening symptoms during pregnancy. Uncontrolled BA is also positively correlated with the risk of eclampsia, preterm birth, and low birthweight. A number of medications are used to manage exacerbations of BA and control symptoms, including omalizumab. Omalizumab is a humanized monoclonal antibody derived from recombinant DNA that binds to IgE, reducing its concentration and preventing the development of allergic reactions. Despite the proven efficacy of omalizumab in BA, data on the safety of omalizumab use in pregnant women and on the effect of omalizumab on fetal development are limited and controversial, and the appropriateness of omalizumab administration during pregnancy remains poorly understood. In this scientific review, we analyzed 5 studies aimed at investigating the efficacy and safety of omalizumab use during pregnancy.

Chronic idiopathic urticaria is an important medical and social problem, which is more common in children than in adults. According to statistics, CIU affects about 0.5-5% of the population, and women suffer from this disease twice as often as men. At present, one of the important problems of CIU therapy is the difficulty of controlling the course of the disease and the development of tolerance to treatment with first-line drugs of baseline CIU therapy. According to the clinical recommendations of the Russian Federation, the drug of the second stage of therapy is omalizumab. Omalizumab is a recombinant humanized monoclonal antibody that selectively binds to free IgE and inhibits the interaction of IgE with the FcεRI receptor on mast cells and basophils. The use of this drug is of practical interest due to the specific point of application, resulting in greater treatment efficacy and less probability of adverse reactions. Currently, there are a large number of studies assessing the efficacy and safety of omalizumab in medical practice, but due to the limited number of patients in the cohort of subjects, the profile of adverse reactions remains incomplete. We analyzed 9 studies on the efficacy and safety of omalizumab in adults and children with chronic idiopathic urticaria.

The assessment of clinical data and psychological profiles in patients with occupational chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) during its isolated and comorbid course opens new opportunities for evaluating the development, predicting the characteristics of the disease's progression, and adopting a personalized approach to pharmacotherapy for COPD, as well as for developing individual strategies for its primary and secondary prevention. The purpose of the study is to determine the psychological characteristics in COPD during its isolated course and in combination with arterial hypertension (AH). Materials and Methods. The study involved 235 patients: Group 1 (n=60) (control) – healthy volunteers; Group 2 (n=35) – COPD of the first degree of severity; Group 3 (n=50) – COPD of the second degree of severity; Group 4 (n=40) – COPD of the second degree of severity combined with AH; Group 5 (n=50) – isolated course of AH. All patients were tested using two methodologies: the Buss-Durkee Hostility Inventory and the Plutchik-Kellerman-Conte Life Style Index (LSI), described in 1979 based on the psycho-evolutionary theory by R. Plutchik and the structural theory of personality by H. Kellerman, adapted by E.S. Romanova and L.R. Grebennikov. The data from the groups were evaluated using one-way analysis of variance with intergroup comparisons based on Dunnett's test. Results. For the first time, the psychological manifestations in COPD of varying severity during its isolated course and in combination with arterial hypertension have been established. Limitations of the study. The study has regional (Samara Region) and professional (according to the detailing of working conditions in the studied comparison groups) limitations. Conclusions. The impact of industrial dust is a stress factor that leads to the development of pronounced psycho-emotional disorders in occupational chronic obstructive pulmonary disease during its isolated and comorbid course with arterial hypertension. In our opinion, it is necessary to include a comprehensive psychological assessment with a consultation from a psychologist and the use of the Buss-Durkee Hostility Inventory and the Plutchik-Kellerman-Conte Life Style Index, described in 1979 based on the psycho-evolutionary theory by R. Plutchik and the structural theory of personality by H. Kellerman, in the program of in-depth periodic medical examinations for individuals working in contact with industrial aerosols of chemical and fibrogenic nature, which are potentially dangerous for the development of occupational chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Additionally, this should be included in the medical assistance program for patients with COPD during its isolated and combined course with AH in pulmonology centers and occupational pathology centers at federal and regional levels, taking into account the identified psychological changes and the need for timely psychological correction, including with the use of pharmacological agents.

The article presents information about V.A. Vlasov, PhD in Medicine, a famous Russian physician and pediatrician. Being a student of outstanding Russian pediatricians Vasiliy Ivanovich Molchanov, Aleksandr Andreevich Kisel, Sergey Ignatievich Fedynskiy, and Aleksandr Alekseevich Koltypin, Viktor Alekseevich embodied in his work all the best that was available in the Moscow school of Russian pediatrics. An experienced teacher and clinician, he brought a lot of novelties to the work of the department. Headed by Professor V.A. Vlasov, the department stood at the origins of modern problems of pediatric coagulology. The experiment studied the effects of radiation on a growing organism. V.A. Vlasov's scientific works are devoted to the study of meningococcal infections, the clinical picture and methods of treatment of toxic dyspepsia, dysentery, gastritis, gastroenteritis, and gangrenous stomatitis in children, the issues of pathogenesis, prevention, and treatment of rickets and hypervitaminosis. V.A. Vlasov, a detailed description of the clinical picture of meningococcal diseases in young children was given.