The main ways of the most effective mechanism of transferring scientific developments to production, by training highly qualified personnel, as one of the main components of increasing and improving the quality of competitive products of animal husbandry in Russia are analyzed and recommended. It is noted that the productive force of economic efficiency of animal husbandry production in the country is a consistent inseparable relationship of all links of the general chain, consisting of a complex of animal science, veterinary, agronomic, engineering, economic, legal and other measures. The locomotive of this chain, ensuring the continuity and consistency of actions of each link of the entire mechanism, are highly qualified personnel selected for training in secondary specialized and higher educational institutions, interested in obtaining qualifications in the field of animal husbandry from school and further improvement, their theoretical training within the walls of educational institutions, with subsequent training and retraining in training farms of colleges, universities, research institutes and basic departments. The main and unsolved problem at the present time is a close and continuous connection of scientists with the leaders and specialists of the territory, region, area and various categories of farms, i.e. with farmers. This can be achieved under the leadership of a new staff unit of research institutes and universities in the person of deputy directors of research institutes or vice-rectors of universities for the implementation and implementation of research, with the involvement of students to carry out a particular research topic. The absence of training and research and experimental farms can be temporarily compensated for by the production and use in universities and colleges of information and educational models, stands and video films reflecting the real cycle of selection and technological and other processes for theoretical and practical training of personnel. The authors of the article draw the attention of the heads of research institutes and universities to the fact that training and research farms of universities and experimental farms of research institutes are one of the effective and productive opportunities not only for practical training of personnel, but also for scientists to carry out experimental research at a high scientific and methodological level. Only close and continuous communication between scientists from research institutes and universities, with managers and specialists of different levels and categories of farms, will allow us to train highly professional personnel and ensure their effective work in production, in the educational or research process, as well as to solve the problems of food security of our country in the context of global challenges.

Currently, a promising direction in cattle breeding is breeding with using of marker genes, which allows us to identify animals with potentially necessary traits for breeding, in order to increase milk or meat productivity. Marker selection is rightfully considered one of the leading directions in breeding, allowing us to identify genes in the genome that are responsible for beneficial properties for animals. Many authors have studied the possibility of using genome data that confirm the undeniable advantages of marker selection over other types. For example, selection based on the external characteristics of animals is popular. However, selection using external characteristics does not provide a high guarantee of obtaining offspring with the necessary characteristics, while when using marker selection, this percentage increases significantly. The primary advantage that is paid attention to when choosing this type of selection is a significant reduction in the time for evaluating the offspring, which allows us to spend less time to achieve the desired result. The purpose of the work was to consider the advantages of using marker genes in cattle breeding and describe the method for carrying out this procedure. The main points related to marker selection are considered. Due to the existing research and compiled gene databases, it is possible to select animals with the most advantageous gene combinations, which will allow to increase the necessary production in the future. At the same time, it is impossible to conduct such research without the necessary equipment. The analyses carried out are quite expensive, but they quickly pay off if the selection work is carried out correctly. Therefore, it can be said that marker selection will become more and more popular in the future.

For current beef cattle breeding, an important element should be the creation of crossbred herds based on commercial crossbreeding of dairy and dairy-beef cows with beef sires. This issue is especially relevant in traditional, promising for the development of beef cattle breeding zones of the country, such as the Southern Urals. In the Southern Urals zone, Red Steppe breed of cattle is the leading dairy breed. In order to improve the productive traits and comformation of Red Steppe cattle, they began to use crossbreeding with Angler sires. However, not all crossbred breeding stock is used to replace the herd. In this regard, extra-replacement crossbred heifers and culled cows can be successfully crossbred with sires of large beef breeds. The purpose of the work was a comparative assessment of the efficiency of heifers rearing of different origins. For the experiment, mature (5–7 years) cows of Red Steppe breed and half-blooded crossbred herdmates with Angler breed were selected. According to the experiment the cows were inseminated with the sperm of sires of the corresponding breeds such as Group 1 (Red Steppe), Group 2 (Angler), Group 3 (Simmental), and Group 4 (Hereford). Four groups of heifers were formed from the resulting offspring such as Group 1 – purebred Red Steppe, Group 2 – half-blooded Red Steppe×Angler, Group 3 – Red Steppe×Angler×Simmental, and Group 4 – Red Steppe×Angler×Hereford. As a result of the conducted research, the advantage of rearing three-breed crossbred heifers (Red Steppe×Angler× Simmental and Red Steppe×Angler×Hereford) in comparison with purebred Red Steppe herdmates and two-breed crossbreds (Red Steppe×Angler) was proven, which was reflected in the growth rate of young animals, the quantity and quality of the obtained products, the expression of reproductive traits of the maternal stock and the economic efficiency of beef production.

In order to improve the efficiency of animal husbandry, it is necessary to use feed additives that affect the metabolism of animals, hematological and biochemical blood parameters. The purpose of the research was to study the blood parameters of lactating cows during the period of increasing the milk yield when using energy-carbohydrate additives. The studies of morphological and biochemical blood parameters were carried out, the main parameters ensuring the stability of metabolic processes were determined. The scientific and economic experiment was carried out at the breeding farm of Razliv LLC in the Kurgan region on lactating cows of Black-and-White breed. The cows were fed taking into account milk productivity, live weight and physiological condition of the animals, according to the actual nutritional value of the feed on the farm. During the experiment, the cows of the 1st experimental group received 500 g of the Live Protein additive in the main ration mixed with concentrates, and the cows of the 2nd experimental group received 500 g of the Tanrem Sh additive. Inclusion of the energy-carbohydrate additives Live Protein and Tanrem Sh in the ration of lactating cows during the period of increasing the milk yield (the first 100 days of lactation) had a positive effect on the hematological and biochemical parameters of the blood. Milk yield in cows of the 1st and 2nd experimental groups was 11.75–12.96 % higher than in the control group. Over 100 days of lactation, milk fat from each cow whose ration was included the feed additive Live Protein was obtained by 16.87 kg, and with the inclusion of the additive Tandem Sh by 19.66 kg more. The yield of milk protein increased by 10.76 and 12.96 kg, respectively, in the experimental groups.

The integrated and scientific system of labour organization at the enterprises of the agro-industrial complex of the Republic of Belarus under the current market conditions receives undeservedly little attention. At present, there is a problem of imperfect methodological support for the assessment of workplaces and insufficiently well-thought-out organization of this work at agricultural enterprises and their repair units. The main purposes of certification and rationalization of workplaces of repair and maintenance enterprises of the agro-industrial complex are to increase the efficiency of repair production, improve the quality of technical maintenance and repair of livestock equipment and rational use of production and labour resources. The purpose of the work was to analyze the economic issues of certification and rationalization of workplaces at livestock technical service enterprises in the Republic of Belarus. As a result of the analysis, the need for targeted and methodical work on certification and rationalization of workplaces, which is an important means of increasing the efficiency of a livestock agricultural enterprise, was proven. The economic feasibility of work at the enterprise to improve the organization of labour is substantiated. With purposefulness and systematicity of its implementation, significant reserves of savings are provided, first of all, saving working time and labour resources. As a result of certification, all other things being equal, the first thing to be reduced should be redundant and inefficient jobs at livestock equipment maintenance stations and farms. Reduction and rationalization of jobs contribute to a further increase in labour productivity. Calculations have shown that the presence of redundant and inefficient jobs at livestock equipment maintenance stations and farms leads to an overestimation of capital-labour ratio indicators, simultaneously reducing the level of labour productivity and ultimately reducing the efficiency of the workplace.